Vyvanse Addiction: Symptoms, Causes, Effects and Treatment

Vyvanse (active ingredient: lisdexamfetamine) is a prescription stimulant medication.

It is in the same drug class as Adderall and is primarily used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge eating disorder.

Vyvanse is FDA-approved to treat ADHD in patients 6 years and older and to treat moderate to severe binge eating disorder in adults, per the FDA-approved prescribing information.

Vyvanse, like other stimulants, is addictive when misused.

Key Takeaways

• The symptoms of Vyvanse addiction can include impaired control over drug use, social and occupational impairment, continued use despite negative consequences, and the development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.
• The causes of Vyvanse addiction can be attributed to a combination of factors including genetic predisposition, underlying mental health conditions, environmental influences, and patterns of drug misuse or abuse.
• The long term side effects of Vyvanse can include physical health problems, psychological distress, impaired social and occupational functioning, strained relationships, financial difficulties, and an increased risk of accidents or legal issues.

What is Vyvanse Addiction?

Vyvanse addiction is a condition in which an individual becomes physically and psychologically dependent on the drug. This addiction can manifest as a compulsive need to take Vyvanse, despite negative consequences and the desire to stop or reduce its use.

Vyvanse addiction can have various negative consequences for an individual's physical and mental health, relationships, work or school performance, and overall well-being. Misuse of Vyvanse can involve taking higher doses than prescribed, using it without medical necessity, or using it in different ways (such as crushing and snorting the medication) to enhance its effects.

Vyvanse abuse and addiction have been a cause for concern for years. SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) reported that in 2019, an estimated 5.0 million people aged 12 or older misused prescription stimulants like Vyvanse in the past year. This includes non-medical use, misuse, or abuse of prescription stimulants.

Why Do People Consume Vyvanse?

People consume Vyvanse for various reasons. The primary and appropriate use of Vyvanse is for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults. It helps improve attention, focus, and impulse control and reduces hyperactivity in individuals with ADHD. Vyvanse is also approved for the treatment of moderate to severe binge eating disorder.

However, there are instances where people may misuse or abuse Vyvanse for non-medical purposes. Some individuals may misuse Vyvanse or other stimulant medications believing that they can enhance their cognitive abilities, such as improving concentration, productivity, and academic or work performance.

Others may misuse it for its potential weight loss effects or to experience feelings of increased energy and euphoria. Peer pressure, lack of awareness about the risks, and misconceptions about Vyvanse can also contribute to its non-medical use.

How to Quit Vyvanse?

Quitting Vyvanse should be done cautiously and under medical supervision. Here's a step-by-step guide:

1. Consult with Your Healthcare Provider: The first and most crucial step is to talk to the doctor who prescribed Vyvanse. They can assess your situation and create a safe plan for tapering off the medication. Abruptly stopping Vyvanse can lead to withdrawal symptoms and potential health risks.
2. Develop a Tapering Schedule: Your doctor will likely recommend gradually reducing the dosage of Vyvanse to minimize withdrawal symptoms. This process needs to be tailored to your specific health needs and may vary in duration.
3. Monitor for Withdrawal Symptoms: As you taper off Vyvanse, be aware of withdrawal symptoms like fatigue, depression, changes in appetite, or sleep disturbances. Regular check-ins with your healthcare provider are important to manage these symptoms effectively.
4. Seek Support: Consider counseling or therapy during this transition. Mental health professionals can provide support and strategies for coping with withdrawal symptoms and underlying conditions like ADHD.
5. Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle: Engage in regular exercise, maintain a balanced diet, and ensure adequate sleep. These lifestyle choices can help manage withdrawal symptoms and improve overall well-being.
6. Prepare for Psychological Adjustments: If you were taking Vyvanse for ADHD, prepare for the return of ADHD symptoms as you reduce the medication. Work with your healthcare provider to explore alternative treatments or strategies.
7. Avoid Self-Medication: Do not attempt to use other substances to manage withdrawal symptoms. This can lead to further complications and hinder the withdrawal process.
8. Stay Informed and Follow-Up: Educate yourself about the process and maintain regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider to adjust the plan as needed.

It's important to note that only a healthcare provider can prescribe Vyvanse, and it should be taken exactly as prescribed. If you have questions about your medication or suspect you have the wrong medication, contact your pharmacist or healthcare provider immediately for clarification.

The process of quitting Vyvanse varies by person, and a tapering plan designed by a healthcare professional works best. Stopping Vyvanse rarely requires medical detox or residential treatment, because stimulant withdrawal does not carry the same physical danger as opioid withdrawal. Vyvanse produces a substance use disorder, if taken consistently in high doses, and addiction treatment becomes appropriate at that point.

What is treatment like for Vyvanse addiction if you can't stop on your own?

The treatment options for Vyvanse addiction typically involve a combination of behavioral interventions, counseling, support groups, and, in some cases, medication-assisted treatment. The primary goal of treatment is to help individuals overcome their addiction, manage withdrawal symptoms, address underlying issues, and develop healthy coping mechanisms. Here are some common treatment options:

1. Detoxification

Detoxification clears Vyvanse from the body while a physician manages withdrawal symptoms, and it is the first step for a person who also carries a physical dependence on another substance. Valley Spring Recovery Center does not provide medical detox or residential care; admission proceeds directly to Restore (Partial Care), Activate (Intensive Outpatient), or Accelerate (Outpatient) once any needed detox is complete. Medical supervision during detox becomes necessary, if polysubstance use disorder is present.

2. Behavioral therapy

Various forms of behavioral therapy can be effective in treating Vyvanse addiction. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with drug use. Contingency management uses positive reinforcement to encourage drug-free behaviors. Motivational interviewing helps individuals strengthen their motivation to change and commit to recovery.

3. Support groups

Support groups such as 12-step programs, Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and SMART Recovery give people a supportive community of others facing similar challenges, offering guidance, encouragement, and accountability.

4. Individual counseling

One-on-one counseling sessions with a qualified therapist or addiction counselor can provide a safe space to explore underlying issues contributing to addiction. It can also help individuals develop strategies for relapse prevention, stress management, and healthy coping skills.

5. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT)

No medication holds FDA approval for stimulant use disorder specifically. Clinicians sometimes prescribe bupropion or modafinil off-label to manage cravings or stabilize mood during recovery from Vyvanse misuse, with the prescribing decision resting on a healthcare professional's assessment of the individual.

6. Dual diagnosis treatment

A person presenting with co-occurring mental health disorders, such as depression or anxiety, needs both conditions addressed simultaneously. Integrated treatment that targets both conditions produces the best outcomes.

7. Aftercare and relapse prevention

A comprehensive aftercare plan and relapse prevention strategy support long-term recovery. This plan includes ongoing therapy, participation in support groups, regular check-ins with a healthcare professional, and lifestyle changes that support sustained recovery.

It's important to note that the specific treatment approach may vary depending on individual circumstances, the severity of the addiction, and any co-occurring conditions. Seeking professional help from addiction specialists, therapists, or treatment centers experienced in substance use disorders is highly recommended for an individualized approach to Vyvanse addiction treatment.

What are the Side Effects of Vyvanse Addiction?

Vyvanse addiction can have a range of long term effects, impacting various aspects of an individual's life. These effects can be physical, psychological, and social, and may extend to other areas. Here are some common effects of Vyvanse addiction:

1. Physical Effects

• Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• Irregular heartbeat or palpitations
• Appetite suppression leading to weight loss and malnutrition
• Sleep disturbances or insomnia
• Gastrointestinal issues such as stomach pain, constipation, or diarrhea
• Headaches or migraines
• Increased risk of cardiovascular problems

2. Psychological Effects

• Intense cravings for Vyvanse
• Irritability, agitation, or mood swings
• Anxiety or panic attacks
• Paranoia or hallucinations in severe cases
• Depression or dysphoria during periods of withdrawal or when not using Vyvanse
• Impaired cognitive function, including difficulties with memory, concentration, and problem-solving

3. Social and Interpersonal Effects

• Strained relationships with family, friends, or significant others due to changes in behavior, secrecy, or dishonesty
• Social withdrawal or isolation, prioritizing drug use over social activities
• Neglecting responsibilities at work, school, or home, leading to academic or occupational problems
• Financial difficulties due to excessive spending on Vyvanse or legal issues related to obtaining the drug illicitly
• Increased risk-taking behaviors or engaging in illegal activities to obtain Vyvanse

4. Health Consequences

• Increased susceptibility to infections and illnesses due to weakened immune system functioning
• Nutritional deficiencies and weakened overall physical health
• Long-term cardiovascular complications, including heart disease or stroke
• Worsening of pre-existing mental health conditions or the development of new mental health disorders
• Increased risk of accidents or injuries due to impaired judgment, coordination, or risky behaviors while under the influence of Vyvanse

5. Legal and Financial Consequences

• Legal repercussions if caught possessing or obtaining Vyvanse without a prescription
• Financial strain due to the cost of acquiring Vyvanse illicitly or the consequences of neglecting financial responsibilities

It is crucial to recognize that the effects of Vyvanse addiction can vary among individuals and may depend on factors such as the duration and severity of the addiction, individual health, and other co-occurring conditions.

How Does Vyvanse Affect The Brain?

Vyvanse affects the brain by targeting and modifying the activity of certain neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that help transmit signals between brain cells. The active ingredient in Vyvanse is lisdexamfetamine, which is a prodrug that gets converted into dextroamphetamine in the body. Dextroamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that primarily affects the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.

1. Dopamine

Vyvanse increases the release and blocks the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in increased dopamine levels in the brain. Dopamine is involved in regulating motivation, reward, pleasure, and attention. By increasing dopamine levels, Vyvanse enhances the signaling within the reward pathway, leading to feelings of pleasure, improved focus, and increased motivation.

2. Norepinephrine

Vyvanse also affects the levels of norepinephrine, another neurotransmitter involved in attention, focus, and arousal. By increasing norepinephrine levels, Vyvanse enhances alertness and vigilance.

The combination of increased dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain leads to the therapeutic effects of Vyvanse on attention, focus, impulse control, and reducing hyperactivity in individuals with ADHD.

Vyvanse benefits individuals with ADHD when used as prescribed. Misusing or abusing Vyvanse produces significant effects on the brain and overall health: misuse overstimulates the brain's reward system, producing increased tolerance, dependence, and potential addiction.

Long-term or excessive use of Vyvanse disrupts the natural balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to changes in brain structure and function.

Is Vyvanse an Amphetamine?

Lisdexamfetamine, the active ingredient in Vyvanse, is an amphetamine: a prodrug with no stimulant activity of its own until enzymatic hydrolysis converts it to dextroamphetamine, the compound that produces Vyvanse's therapeutic and stimulant effects. Enzymatic hydrolysis in red blood cells drives this conversion, not cytochrome P450 liver enzymes, according to the FDA-approved prescribing information for Vyvanse. This red-blood-cell conversion step rate-limits how quickly dextroamphetamine reaches the bloodstream, giving lisdexamfetamine a different abuse-liability profile than instant-release amphetamines such as Adderall.

What Is the Half-Life of Vyvanse?

Lisdexamfetamine itself clears the bloodstream fast, with a mean terminal elimination half-life of 0.47 hours, while its active metabolite dextroamphetamine persists for a mean 10.39 hours, according to Krishnan, S.M., Pennick, M., and Stark, J.G.'s 2008 study "Metabolism, Distribution and Elimination of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate," published in Clinical Drug Investigation. The prodrug disappears from plasma within hours of dosing, and the dextroamphetamine it generates persists long enough to support once-daily dosing without a second dose in the afternoon.

Vyvanse and Adderall are both Schedule II amphetamine-class stimulants regulated for ADHD treatment. The mechanistic difference between them is the prodrug step: Adderall's amphetamine and dextroamphetamine salts are active immediately, while Vyvanse requires the red-blood-cell conversion described above before dextroamphetamine reaches the brain.

Are the effects of a Vyvanse high similar to that of a cocaine high?

Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) and cocaine are both central nervous system stimulants, but they have different pharmacological profiles and are used in very different contexts. Vyvanse is a prescription medication designed for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and is formulated to provide a gradual, controlled release of the drug. Cocaine, on the other hand, is an illegal and highly addictive substance known for its immediate and intense effects.

Despite their differences, both substances can produce some similar effects due to their stimulant properties, especially when taken in high doses or abused.

What does Vyvanse look like?

The appearance of Vyvanse can vary depending on the dosage. Here's a general description:

1. Capsules:
   • Vyvanse capsules are typically colored and have the dosage strength printed on them.
   • They come in several strengths, indicated by different colors and imprints. For example:
     • 10 mg capsules are white and printed with "S489 10 mg".
     • 20 mg capsules are ivory and printed with "S489 20 mg".
     • 30 mg capsules are white and orange, printed with "S489 30 mg".
     • 40 mg capsules are white and blue, printed with "S489 40 mg".
     • 50 mg capsules are white and blue, printed with "S489 50 mg".
     • 60 mg capsules are aqua blue and printed with "S489 60 mg".
     • 70 mg capsules are blue and orange, printed with "S489 70 mg".
2. Chewable Tablets:
   • The chewable tablets are usually round and white.
   • They also come in various strengths and have the dosage strength imprinted on one side.

How is Vyvanse Addiction Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of Vyvanse addiction, formally known as stimulant use disorder, is typically made by a healthcare professional or addiction specialist based on diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). To diagnose Vyvanse addiction, the following criteria are considered:

• Impaired control
• Social impairment
• Risky use, and
• Pharmacological criteria.

These criteria assess factors such as the individual's inability to control Vyvanse use, the negative impact on their social and occupational functioning, the persistence of use despite knowledge of harm, and the development of tolerance or withdrawal symptoms. The severity of the addiction can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of criteria met within a specific timeframe.

Is Vyvanse OK for long-term use?

Vyvanse can be used for long-term treatment under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as it is a long-term treatment designed to protect against abuse. It is important to regularly assess the need for continued use, monitor effectiveness, and manage potential side effects. The duration of treatment with Vyvanse should be determined on an individual basis, taking into consideration the specific needs and responses of the person using it.

What to Avoid When Taking Vyvanse

When taking Vyvanse, it is generally advised to avoid the following:

• Alcohol: Drinking alcohol while taking Vyvanse can increase the risk of adverse effects and may impair judgment and coordination.
• Caffeine: Excessive caffeine intake can amplify the stimulant effects of Vyvanse and potentially lead to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety.
• Other Stimulant Medications: Concurrent use of other stimulant medications, such as Adderall or Ritalin, with Vyvanse, can increase the risk of side effects and excessive stimulation.
• MAOIs: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), a type of antidepressant, should not be taken with Vyvanse. Combining the two can lead to a potentially dangerous increase in blood pressure.
• Certain Medications: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal supplements, as some medications may interact with Vyvanse.
• Grapefruit: Grapefruit and grapefruit juice can interact with Vyvanse and affect its metabolism in the body. It is advisable to avoid consuming grapefruit products while taking Vyvanse.

It is essential to follow the guidance of your healthcare provider and read the medication label for specific instructions and warnings. They can provide personalized advice on what to avoid while taking Vyvanse based on your circumstances.

Valley Spring Recovery Center is dedicated to providing comprehensive treatment for stimulant misuse and addiction.

If you or someone you love is struggling with Vyvanse misuse or addiction, our admissions team is available 24/7 to answer any questions and assist you as you begin your journey to healing.